American Occupation
The
Biak-na-Bato Republic was patterned after the Cuban Constitutuion of
Jimaguayu. It was signed on November 1,
1897. It demands for the following:
1.
The friars should leave the country and return
to Filipinos the lands they had forcibly grabbed.
2.
Representation in the Spanish Cortes.
3.
Freedom of Expression and consent to all
religions.
4.
Equal regard and payment to those employed in
the civil government.
5.
Abolition of the government’s power to throw
people into exile.
6.
Equality in the eyes of the law.
The Pact of Biak-na-Bato
Pedro A.
Paterno – negotiator, signed in behalf of the revolutionaries
Emilio
Aguinaldo – President of the Philippine Revolutionary Government
Primo de
Rivera – representative for the colonial government
Conditions:
1.
Voluntary exile of Aguinaldo and his followers
outside the country.
2.
Payment of P800,000 by the Spanish government to
the rebels in the following manner:
Ø
P400,000 to Aguinaldo upon leaving Biak-na-Bato
Ø
P200,00 if the arms turned over by the
revolutionaries to the government exceeded 700
Ø
The remaining P200,000 once the Te Dem had been sung and the governor general had
proclaimed general amnesty
3.
An additional P900,000 as payment to the
families of civilian Filipinos who were harmed in the armed conflict
The pact was
signed on December 15, 1897, ending the uprising which Bonifacio had
begun. Aguinaldo left for Hong Kong on
December 27 with the P400,000 initial payment.
The Spanish-American War
On February
15, 1898, the warship Maine was blown in Port Havana. On April 25, the US
congress formally declared war against Spain.
The Battle of Manila Bay
On May 1,
1898 seven armed ships led by Commodore George Dewey entered Manila and
assaulted the Spanish fleet in Sangley Point, Cavite.
Aguinaldo’s Return
May 17 –
left Hong Kong
May 19 –
arrived in Manila
Secret Agreement between Spain and America
Commodore
Dewey and Gen. Wesley Merritt with Gen. Fermin Jaudines
Ø
Mock battle between the Americans and the
Spaniards
Ø
Spaniards would surrender to the American troops
Ø
Filipinos would not be allowed to participate in
the Spaniards’ surrender
The Mock Battle of Manila Bay
August 13,
9:30 am. Olympia bombed Fort San Antonio
Abad with Gen. Greene attacking from Malate, and Mac Arthur from
Singalong. By 11:20 am, the Spaniards
raised the white flag.
